![]() For example, "tap" interactions on a touchscreen device include multiple events, such as pointerup, pointerdown, and click. The 75th percentile of all the page views is then reported as usual, which further removes outliers to give a value that the vast majority of users experience or better.Īn interaction is a group of event handlers that fire during the same logical user gesture. The vast majority of page experiences do not have over 50 interactions so will report the worst interaction. To counter this, and give a better measure of the actual responsiveness for those types of pages, we ignore one highest interaction for every 50 interactions. The more interactions, the more likely this is to happen. However, for pages with large numbers of interactions, random hiccups can result in an unusually high interaction on an otherwise responsive site. For most sites the interaction with the worst latency is reported as INP. A note on how INP is calculatedĪs stated above, INP is calculated by observing all the interactions made with a page. The final INP value is the longest interaction observed, ignoring outliers. INP is a metric that assesses a page's overall responsiveness to user interactions by observing the latency of all click, tap, and keyboard interactions that occur throughout the lifespan of a user's visit to a page. This article explains how INP works, how to measure it, and points to resources for improving it. When the main thread catches up, it processes the delayed inputs, resulting in the accordion opening and closing unexpectedly. ![]() This causes the user to click multiple times, thinking the experience is broken. At left, long tasks block the accordion from opening. An example of poor versus good responsiveness. It also demonstrates how poor responsiveness can cause multiple unintended responses to input because the user thinks the experience is broken. In the following video, the example on the right gives immediate visual feedback that an accordion is opening. The goal of INP is to ensure the time from when a user initiates an interaction until the next frame is painted is as short as possible, for all or most interactions the user makes. By delaying visual feedback, you may be giving users the impression that the page is not responding to their actions. Therefore, the intent of INP is not to measure all the eventual effects of the interaction (such as network fetches and UI updates from other asynchronous operations), but the time in which the next paint is being blocked. The time until the next paint is the earliest opportunity to do this. Some interactions will naturally take longer than others, but for especially complex interactions, it's important to quickly present some initial visual feedback as a cue to the user that something is happening. Visual feedback tells you if, for example, an item you add to an online shopping cart is indeed being added, whether a mobile navigation menu has opened, if a login form's contents are being authenticated by the server, and so forth. When a page responds to an interaction, the result is visual feedback, which is presented by the browser in the next frame the browser presents. Good responsiveness means that a page responds quickly to interactions made with it. A low INP means the page was consistently able to respond quickly to all-or the vast majority-of user interactions.Ĭhrome usage data shows that 90% of a user's time on a page is spent after it loads, Thus, careful measurement of responsiveness throughout the page lifecycle is important. INP observes the latency of all interactions a user has made with the page, and reports a single value which all (or nearly all) interactions were below. When an interaction causes a page to become unresponsive, that is a poor user experience. ![]() ![]() INP assesses responsiveness using data from the Event Timing API. Interaction to Next Paint (INP) is a pending Core Web Vital metric that will replace First Input Delay (FID) in March 2024. ![]()
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